18 May 2018
Dame Hackitt in her final report released on 17 May 2018, Building a Safer Future, makes 53 recommendations. At the heart of the report are the principles for a new regulatory framework to drive cultural change and improve building and fire safety. Her recommendations, if adopted, seek integrated systemic change, will require legislative reform and will take time to deliver. We look at the key proposed regulatory duties.
The report focuses on new and existing high rise residential buildings over 10 storeys (HRRB), but also applies to the refurbishment of such buildings. However, the report anticipates that the new regulatory regime could in time be extended to apply more broadly to low-rise residential buildings and institutions where people sleep, such as hospitals, care homes, prisons, hotels, student accommodation and boarding schools.
Central to the proposed regime will be the new Joint Competent Authority (JCA) to oversee better management of risks in these buildings. The JCA will comprise the local authority building control, fire and rescue authorities and the Health and Safety Executive. Key responsibilities of the JCA will be to:
The report sets out three proposed Gateway Points where JCA approval will be required before work can proceed or occupation commence. These are:
The proposed regulatory regime seeks to enforce new duty holder responsibilities for building safety in a similar manner to the way that the HSE has applied the CDM Regulations 2015. Building safety must be considered up front and prioritised throughout.
Clients will need to ensure that they understand how their buildings are procured. Both principal designers and principal contractors will also be allocated duties that focus on key safety aspects. For example, a client will need to ensure that a digital record of the building as-planned and as-built is established and that a Fire and Emergency File setting out fire strategy for the building and its residents is initiated. The Fire and Emergency File will be updated and finalised in much the same way as the Health and Safety File under the CDM Regulations. The digital record of building work and the Fire and Emergency File will form part of the "golden thread" information that will need to be handed over on completion. The client will also need to confirm that relevant Building Regulation requirements are met.
Full Plans showing the design in respect of fire and structural safety which are required for Full Plans approval will be the responsibility of the principal designers. A Construction Control Plan showing how change in respect of building safety will be controlled and recorded is also suggested. This will be the responsibility of the principal contractor and is to be handed over to the JCA prior to occupation.
The report also recommends that significant changes after the Full Plans sign-off stage should be notified to the JCA for consideration prior to such work commencing. These checks should provide a clear picture of what has changed since construction began, ensure that value-engineered changes still result in a safe building, and allow fire and rescue authorities to assess fire-safety at completion.
The report recommends that a "golden thread of information" should be established at the start of the construction cycle. This "golden thread" information is to be handed over to building owners who will then be responsible for maintaining this information throughout the life cycle of the building. Where building ownership changes, the "golden thread" information should be transferred. This practice should enable owners, and subsequent building owners, to manage building safety better, and will ensure that up-to-date information is also be available for the relevant Gateway Point and case safety reviews.
A new duty holder is recommended for the occupation and maintenance phase of the building with accountability for the structural and fire safety of the whole building. The suggestion is that this role is undertaken by the building owner or superior landlord. One of the key responsibilities of this duty holder will be to maintain the "golden thread" information, for example, by updating the Fire and Emergency File and the digital record by adding records of the fire assessments and testing routines.
In addition, the duty holder will need to
The duty holder can nominate a building safety manager to discharge responsibility for certain tasks, but the duty holder will remain accountable. The duty holder and building safety manager must be notified to the JCA and the residents. Where there are multiple owners, all must retain the responsibility of the duty holder role.
The duty holder will be required to present safety case reviews to the JCA at regular intervals (usually every five years) to demonstrate that risks are being managed effectively. The JCA may inspect the building if necessary. Safety case reviews can be requested more frequently by the JCA if a significant refurbishment is planned or significant concerns have been raised.
Safety case files should include information on the building management systems relating to fire and safety, maintenance records, fire risk assessments, the resident engagement strategy, the updated Fire and Emergency File and the updated digital record.
Duty holders for existing buildings would need to undertake an information gathering exercise to build the data records so as to enable the safety case review to take place
Sanctions will be available for the JCA to incentivise compliance by duty holders. Proposals include statutory notices, fines and criminal sanctions.
Other proposed recommendations include a single regulatory route for building control of HRRB. These buildings will be regulated by the JCA and Local Authority Building Control. Approved Inspectors will only be able either to work with clients to provide consultancy and verification services to help them meet the key Gateway Points, or to provide extra capacity to the JCA or local authorities where needed.
This briefing note sets out key issues on our initial review of the report and we anticipate further industry input in response to the report's recommendations.
by Rona Westgate and Matthew Jones
by Matthew Jones and Kate Little
Higher-risk buildings (HRBs)
by multiple authors